DUSP16 and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: In a study including 25 benign lesions, 30 oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and 35 OSCC specimens, using qPCR detection, Prevotella melaninogenica–positive OPMD showed significant upregulation of AKT2 expression (p = 0.042), a gene involved in cancer progression, whereas OSCC samples harbored Streptococcus mitis DUSP16 downregulation (p = 0.011), a gene linked to cellular signaling and proliferation [59].