TF and nutritional disorder: More focused clinical studies have now reported associations between iron markers and measures of coronary calcification: lower serum iron (Fe ≤ 72 μg/dL) and transferrin saturation (TSAT ≤ 21%) have been associated with higher coronary artery calcium scores (CACS ≥ 400) and with worse long-term survival in hemodialysis cohorts; at the same time, absolute iron deficiency (TSAT < 20%, serum Fe < 60) has also been linked with increased cardiovascular mortality in maintenance dialysis patients [5].