POMC and metabolic syndrome: As expected, MACS patients were older, displayed significantly higher F-ODS levels (p < 0.001) and lower ACTH levels (p < 0.001), and the presence of MACS was associated with a significantly increased frequency of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular thrombosis, PTCA, atrial fibrillation, and psychiatric disorders).