MRS2 and cancer: This demonstrates that the combinations of short-listed biomarkers corresponding to ARG1, CA2, F13A1, and S100A12 for the distinction of cancer vs. non-cancer (AUROC 94.1–96.2% (95% CI)) and ARG1, CA2, HPT, MAN2A1, and LBP to distinguish cancer or preneoplasia vs. healthy or gastritis (AUROC 97.3–99.5% (95% CI)), enable accurate classification of patients for these tasks.