These preclinical findings reinforce the notion that neuroinflammatory and systemic inflammatory responses, particularly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, together with reductions in hippocampal BDNF, are consistently linked to cognitive impairment in animal models of breast cancer and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and Cognitive impairment.