TLR4 and chronic kidney disease: Figure 7A–F show that the adenine-induced CKD mice had significantly higher levels of inflammation- and inflammatory signaling pathway-related gene expression than the control mice (p < 0.001), and that HY7718 significantly reduced the expression of these genes to levels below those of the adenine-induced CKD mice. APN treatment also downregulated the expression levels of these genes, but significant differences in expression were observed only for Ccl2 and Tlr4.