TNF and polycystic ovary syndrome: As a result, there is a significant overlap in the observed molecular changes in the endometrium of women with PCOS and unexplained AUB and HMB (e.g., IL, TNFα, MMP, PG, and VEGF) (see Section 4.2, Section 4.3, Section 4.4, Section 4.5, Section 4.6, Section 4.7 and Section 4.8).