For example, the trial NCT05320250 investigates salivary EVs for PD biomarker identification [147], it was building on previous research in which Raman profiling of blood EVs correlated with clinical ratings (UPDRS III, Hoehn and Yahr), this approach aims to identify disease-specific biochemical fingerprints rather than employing a single protein biomarker like α-synuclein [148]. Here, SNCA is linked to Parkinson disease.