PTGS2 and lung carcinoma: This study is the first to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) in mitigating inflammation mediated by COX-2 and PGE2 by inhibiting the MAPK pathways (p38, JNK, ERK) and the NF-κB p65/p50 axis, via upregulation of hsa-miR-199a-3p in human lung cancer cells.