The protein expression levels of GLUT4, mTOR, and Akt were upregulated in the DI and DL groups compared to the T1D group (p = 0.1231, p = 0.1585, p < 0.05; p = 0.4710, p = 0.9113, p = 0.4748). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.