HFD promotes the development of neuroinflammation, most often through increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (such Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α)) or inducible nitric oxide synthase), and it also increases activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, which is implicated in the development of neurological and metabolic diseases. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and metabolic disease.