On one hand, epithelial cell-autonomous mechanisms play a dominant role: ZC3H12A in intestinal epithelial cells negatively regulates the IL-17 signaling pathway by directly degrading NF-κB IZ (IκBζ) mRNA, thereby suppressing gut microbiota-triggered tumor cell proliferation driven by ERK phosphorylation [77]. The gene discussed is ZC3H12A; the disease is neoplasm.