Activated by tumor-secreted granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) via the downstream JAK/STAT5–CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) axis, aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) in TINs produces itaconate, which triggers a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent defense mechanism against ferroptosis. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.