In a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mouse model, CPT alleviated lung injury by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway to reduce ROS levels, suppress NF-κB signaling, and lower TNF-α concentrations in pulmonary tissue serum, thereby mitigating inflammation [46]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.