In view of the findings outlined above, the present study investigated the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), either transfected or untransfected with a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to target Smad2/3 (Smad2/3 siRNAs), on cardiac hypertrophy in an animal model of human atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD2 and atherosclerosis.