SMAD2 and cardiac hypertrophy: The presence of specific inflammatory markers associated with cardiac hypertrophy mentioned previously was investigated through immunofluorescence on left ventricular tissue sections from the seven experimental groups (C, HH, HH-EVs (ADSCs), HH-EVs (BMMSCs), HH-EVs (ADSCs) + Smad2/3 siRNA, HH-EVs (BMMSCs) + Smad2/3 siRNA, HH-Smad2/3 siRNA).