MAPT and memory impairment: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque deposition, and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau) forming neurofibrillary tangles, leading to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss [102,103].