Furthermore, SCFAs modulate neurotrophic factors crucial for neuronal survival, growth, and plasticity, including nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are involved in learning, memory, and neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. The gene discussed is GDNF; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.