In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), in vitro assays confirmed its ability to suppress cell proliferation and inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through modulation of the HIF-1α-mediated TGF-β1/p-Smad3 signaling pathway [18]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.