TP53 and lung carcinoma: For example, NGS enables comprehensive analysis of genomic alterations, facilitating the identification of cancer-specific mutations like BRCA1/2 in breast and ovarian cancers, TP53 in multiple cancer types, KRAS in CRC and lung cancers, BRAF in melanoma and thyroid cancer, PIK3CA in breast cancer, and APC in CRC [10,11].