PKM and cancer: Key enzymes such as hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and glutaminase (GLS) regulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and biosynthetic pathways, while transporters like GLUT1 and ASCT2 mediate increased glucose and amino acid uptake, respectively, highlighting their roles in sustaining cancer cell metabolism [27,28,29,30,31,32].