CYP17A1 and Dysmenorrhea: In the eutopic endometrium biopsies, CYP17A1 expression was significantly different between groups, with an important upregulation in endometrial biopsies of patients with severe dysmenorrhea (Groups 3 (ΔCT 8.5 ± 1.6) and 4 (ΔCT 8.6 ± 1.8), compared to control Group 1 (ΔCT 10.5 ± 2.2) (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s correction, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.0002, respectively)) (Figure 2A).