PPARG and osteoporosis: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the bone marrow niche serve as progenitors for osteoblasts and adipocytes, with differentiation being balanced by transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (adipogenesis) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/sma and mad-related protein (Smad) (osteogenesis)—imbalances in which lead to pathologies like osteoporosis [155].