Such mechanisms translate into clinical observations: higher mucosal loads of Fusobacterium nucleatum correlate with endoscopic severity, steroid-refractory flares, and postoperative recurrence in ulcerative colitis [117]; these patients often display elevated fecal calprotectin, CRP, and transcriptional signatures of TLR/NF-κB and chemokine activation [118]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is ulcerative colitis.