Patients with HV disease had a significantly higher initial PSA concentration, significantly greater prevalence of advanced clinicopathological features such as Gleason score (GS) ≥ 9, clinical T stage (T) ≥ 3b, clinical N1, and clinical M1a, and a significantly lower prevalence of prostate-directed radiation therapy for mCSPC compared with patients with LV disease. Here, KLK3 is linked to glycogen storage disease VI.