Clinically, risk stratification must extend beyond traditional cardiovascular history to incorporate cardiometabolic and functional phenotyping—including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, sarcopenia, micronutrient deficits, and inflammatory burden—because these factors amplify susceptibility to anthracyclines, HER2 agents, TKIs, proteasome inhibitors, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors and modulate both the timing and the sensitivity of surveillance [63]. Here, ERBB2 is linked to Insulin resistance.