FOS and breast cancer: For example, in Atlantic salmon distal intestine, 10 weeks of diets containing Pediococcus acidilactici produced RNA-seq signatures with 33 DEGs (27 up/6 down; FOS–BC vs. FOS) and 220 DEGs (174 up/46 down; GOS–BC vs. FOS–BC; BH-adjusted q ≤ 0.1), enrichments including ‘immune response’ and ‘response to stress,’ and up-regulation of il17 family and NADPH-oxidase genes (e.g., duox/duox2, noxo1a/b, gpx1b).