APOB and pulmonary valve stenosis: APOB mutation associated with a case presenting with cleft lip and palate, DORV, dextrocardia, transposition of the great arteries and hypoplastic right ventricle, along with multisystem defects in the thyroid, nervous system, and eyes though direct association with a causative pathway has been made [341]; maternal dysregulation in lipid profiles; APOB expression associated with higher rates of congenital heart defects in offspring (VSD, TOF, pulmonary valve stenosis) [342] (human)