At the hepatic level, the coexistence of MASLD and HIV is associated with persistent infiltration of dysfunctional cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and activated monocytes, impaired clearance of intracellular pathogens, dysregulated IFN-γ secretion, and production of fibrogenic chemokines [148]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.