At the time of this trial, diagnostic biomarkers such as AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG were not yet available, and patient cohorts often encompassed heterogeneous demyelinating disorders, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and Marburg variants, in addition to MS. The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.