At the time of this trial, diagnostic biomarkers such as AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG were not yet available, and patient cohorts often encompassed heterogeneous demyelinating disorders, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and Marburg variants, in addition to MS. This evidence concerns the gene AQP4 and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.