The finding of increased levels of CX3CL1 and increased expression of CX3CR1 in asymptomatic FCH subjects, associated with the presence of atherosclerosis, especially in the presence of IR, suggests that this activation could be an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in patients with primary dyslipidaemia. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CL1 and atherosclerosis.