TGFB1 and asthma: The hygiene hypothesis remains a central paradigm in asthma research [3], suggesting that reduced microbial and antigenic exposure during early immune development impairs regulatory T cell (Treg) function—particularly IL-10 (Interleukin 10) and TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta)—thereby favoring a Th2-skewed immune response and increasing susceptibility to asthma and atopic diseases [3].