GD patients with monoclonal gammopathy including those with B-cell malignancy, (3 patients with plasma cell myeloma, 1 patient with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathy) (n = 14) showed higher gpNMB concentrations in plasma compared with GD patients without monoclonal gammopathy (p=0.0004) (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene GPNMB and monoclonal gammopathy.