IGF1 and post-traumatic stress disorder: In Past PTSD > 5 y, the negative correlation between IGF-1 and Problem-Focused Coping (Rho = −0.29; Figure 3A) demonstrates that rising IGF-1 levels (3–45 nmol/mL) do not enhance active coping, possibly reflecting learned helplessness or persistent negative alterations in cognition (Criterion D).