CSF2 and melanoma: Although the OS difference in the overall OPTiM population narrowly missed significance (p = 0.051) file-(Ref) [43], a pre-specified subgroup analysis of patients with earlier-stage metastatic disease showed a marked survival benefit: in stage IIIB–IVM1a melanoma, median OS was 41.1 months with intralesional T-VEC vs. 21.5 months with GM-CSF (HR 0.57, p < 0.001) [75].