The long-term exposure of CKD/ESKD and dialysis patients to chronic inflammation, nutritional deficiencies, and dysregulation of the immune system led to the hypothesis that the C-reactive protein–albumin–lymphocyte (CALLY) index score, which is the only marker combining these three pathogenic mechanisms of serum CRP, albumin, and lymphocyte count, could serve as a prognostic tool for mortality in dialysis patients. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is inflammatory response.