BDNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Similarly, under the SLE condition, large effect sizes were also observed for Lactate (dz = 1.79, 95% CI [0.60–2.99]), BDNF (dz = 1.07, 95% CI [0.16–1.99]), and IL-6 (dz = 1.59, 95% CI [0.48–2.70]).