However, the roles of MRP8 (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9) appear to be dual: they can promote tumor progression through inflammation and immune modulation but also induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis under certain conditions, as shown by Viemann et al., who reported that MRP8/14 disrupts endothelial integrity and triggers cell death [84]. The gene discussed is S100A9; the disease is neoplasm.