To determine whether these molecules have different expression patterns between benign and malignant adnexal masses, the serum levels of 24 molecules related to their biological functions, including proinflammatory cytokines, tissue damage–associated proteins, extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes, and regulatory/inhibitory proteins, were evaluated by flow cytometry in sera from healthy controls and patients with benign or malignant tumors. This evidence concerns the gene PROS1 and cancer.