ROMO1 and infection: In HPV-positive cells, the scenario may be biphasic: during early infection, ROMO1 is upregulated to mitigate E6/E7-induced ROS, whereas in advanced stages, its expression may be suppressed, exacerbating oxidative damage and promoting tumor progression.(Figure 4) This dual behavior raises the possibility that ROMO1 could serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target in HPV-associated and other malignancies, but this hypothesis requires functional validation.