Furthermore, HF progression involves fibrosis and cardiac remodeling, mediated by angiotensin-II, norepinephrine, TNF-α, and mechanical stress, which activate protein kinase Cepsilon (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase (PI3K), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways [170]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is hydrops fetalis.