Cisplatin-treated mice also had significant elevations in serum BUN, ALP, and the albumin/globulin ratio and pathological changes indicative of both nephrotoxicity and hepatoxicity, which were not noted in mice treated with mE-MVs or mC-MVs treatment, suggesting mC-MVs are able to selectively deliver cisplatin to the tumor, reducing off-target toxicities. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and neoplasm.