SDC3 and central nervous system cancer: SDC3 expression has previously been observed in various cancer cell lines (i.e., bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, mammary carcinoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and glioma cell lines) [43], and in cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), specifically tumor-associated macrophages and endothelial cells [43].