IFNB1 and neoplasm: DNA sensing is a ubiquitous innate immune pathway in both immune and tumor cells, initiated when cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic DNA and produces 2′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (2′3′-cGAMP), which activates STING to trigger TBK1/IRF3-dependent IFN-β and ISG expression (29–32).