The neural signal features exhibited better predictive performance in the bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) cohorts than did the immune checkpoint genes PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4. Increasing evidence suggests that neural signals are associated with resistance to cancer therapy; these signals might be effective predictors of therapeutic response in cancer, and interventions in neural signaling pathways could represent a promising approach to overcoming treatment resistance. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.