The nanodrug inhibited PCa growth and metastasis through three main mechanisms: (1) The nanoparticle drug formulation, modified with the aptamer SZTI01, significantly enhanced tumor-targeting and penetration at the tumor site; (2) SZTI01@APA NPs, with high accumulation at the target site, inhibited tumor growth and migration by downregulating pathways involving IL-17, MMP3, and MMP9; and (3) Eradication of C.acnes in tumor tissues by SZTI01@APA NPs significantly reduced Th17 cell infiltration within the local PCa tumor environment. This evidence concerns the gene MMP3 and neoplasm.