AKT1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: While prior studies have partially elucidated the role of insulin signaling in corneal nerve repair in type 1 diabetes [41], our preliminary data show that p-insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS1) expression in diabetic corneal epithelia correlates with p-AKT levels; ADPN treatment upregulated both (Figures S7, S8).