BDNF and hemorrhage: SGLT2i also show neuroprotective effects, with empagliflozin and luseogliflozin reducing tau hyperphosphorylation, brain atrophy and spontaneous hemorrhage, while increasing neuronal density [208, 209, 211], and empagliflozin additionally increasing BDNF [210], whereas canagliflozin decreases AChE activity and increases cortical dopamine and serotonin levels in T2D rats [193].