When a subgroup analysis was conducted according to the diagnostic criteria, we found that the pooled mortality rates were 33% (95% CI: 15.8 to 57.1), 3.1% (95% CI: 2.2 to 4.5), and 1.7% (95% CI: 0.1 to 22.3) for studies using serum and urinary levels, serum CK and/or myoglobin levels, and serum CK levels as the criteria for diagnosing rhabdomyolysis (Fig. 5). Here, MB is linked to rhabdomyolysis.