Nevertheless, the increased availability of testing for high-penetrance pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 and other genes, and the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which collectively explain a substantial proportion of risk, have revived hopes of using more personalized breast cancer risk prediction models within routine screening programmes and in primary care [8, 9]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and breast carcinoma.