Subsequent in vitro assays prove that ID1 expression or E-protein inhibition directly stimulates NF-κB and its target cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in both DP T cell lymphoma cell line 16610D9 and thymocytes isolated from Id1 transgenic mice [52]. The gene discussed is ID1; the disease is T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.