Recent research also suggests the potential benefit of immunotherapy in the treatment of AML, specifically targeting CD33, CD123, and CLL-1, as well as the use of immune checkpoints such as anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) in the presence or absence of conventional chemotherapy [22]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.