Notably, we found that HMGA1 expression did not correlate with overall survival in PDAC patients when analyzed as a whole, but after stratifying patients by tumor stage (as per AJCC cancer staging manual, VIII Edition; S2, S3, S4), HMGA1 emerges as a prognostic factor, particularly in late-staged PDAC, indicating its potential clinical relevance in later stages of the disease (Fig. 1K, L). Here, HMGA1 is linked to neoplasm.