Therefore, this study is the first to evaluate SBE in a laying hen model of salpingitis induced by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, aiming to investigate its protective effects using an LPS-induced inflammatory model in HD11 macrophages in vitro, and a bacterial challenge model in laying hens in vivo, with a focus on NF-κB signaling modulation. Here, NFKB1 is linked to salpingitis.